httk.atomistic.structure module¶
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class
httk.atomistic.structure.
Structure
(assignments, rc_sites=None, rc_cell=None, other_reps=None)[source]¶ Bases:
httk.core.httkobject.HttkObject
A Structure represents N sites of, e.g., atoms or ions, in any periodic or non-periodic arrangement. The structure object is meant to be immutable and assumes that no internal variables are changed after its creation. All methods that ‘changes’ the object creates and returns a new, updated, structure object.
This is the general heavy weight structure object. For lightweight structure objects, use UnitcellStructure or RepresentativeStructure.
Naming conventions in httk.atomistic:
- Structure cell type abbreviations:
- rc = Representative cell: only representative atoms are given inside the conventional cell.
- they need to be replicated by the symmetry elements.
- uc = Unit cell: any (imprecisely defined) unit cell (usually the unit cell used to define the structure
- if it was not done via a representative cell.) with all atoms inside.
pc = Primitive unit cell: a smallest possible unit cell (the standard one) with all atoms inside.
cc = Conventional unit cell: the high symmetry unit cell (rc) with all atoms inside.
- For cells:
- cell = an abstract name for any reasonable representation of a ‘cell’ that defines
- the basis vectors used for representing the structure. When a ‘cell’ is returned, it is an object of type Cell
basis = a 3x3 sequence-type with (in rows) the three basis vectors (for a periodic system, defining the unit cell, and defines the unit of repetition for the periodic dimensions)
lengths_and_angles = (a,b,c,alpha,beta,gamma): the basis vector lengths and angles
niggli_matrix = ((v1*v1, v2*v2, v3*v3),(2*v2*v3, 2*v1*v3, 2*v2*v3)) where v1, v2, v3 are the vectors forming the basis
metric = ((v1*v1,v1*v2,v1*v3),(v2*v1,v2*v2,v2*v3),(v3*v1,v3*v2,v3*v3))
- For sites:
- These following prefixes are used to describe types of site specifications:
representative cell/rc = only representative atoms are given, which are then to be repeated by structure symmetry group to give all sites
unit cell/uc = all atoms in unitcell
reduced = coordinates given in cell vectors
cartesian = coordinates given as direct cartesian coordinates
- sites = used as an abstract name for any sensible representation of a list of coordinates and a cell,
- when a ‘sites’ is returned, it is an object of type Sites
counts = number of atoms of each type (one per entry in assignments)
coordgroups = coordinates represented as a 3-level-list of coordinates, e.g. [[[0,0,0],[0.5,0.5,0.5]],[[0.25,0.25,0.25]]] where level-1 list = groups: one group for each equivalent atom
counts and coords = one list with the number of atoms of each type (one per entry in assignments) and a 2-level list of coordinates.
- For assignments of atoms, etc. to sites:
assignments = abstract name for any representation of assignment of atoms. When returned, will be object of type Assignment.
atomic_numbers = a sequence of integers for the atomic number of each species
occupations = a sequence where the assignments are repeated for each coordinate as needed (prefixed with uc or rc depending on which coordinates)
- For cell scaling:
scaling = abstract name for any representation of cell scaling
scale = multiply all basis vectors with this number
volume = rescaling the cell such that it takes this volume
- For periodicity:
periodicity = abstract name of a representation of periodicity
pbc = ‘periodic boundary conditions’ = sequence of True and False for which basis vectors are periodic / non-periodic
nonperiodic_vecs = integer, number of basis vectors, counted from the first, which are non-periodic
- For spacegroup:
spacegroup = abstract name for any spacegroup representation. When returned, is of type Spacegroup.
hall_symbol = specifically the hall_symbol string representation of the spacegroup
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anonymous_formula
¶
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anonymous_wyckoff_sequence
¶
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cc
¶
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cc_formula_parts
¶
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classmethod
create
(structure=None, assignments=None, rc_cell=None, rc_basis=None, rc_lengths=None, rc_angles=None, rc_cosangles=None, rc_niggli_matrix=None, rc_metric=None, rc_a=None, rc_b=None, rc_c=None, rc_alpha=None, rc_beta=None, rc_gamma=None, rc_sites=None, rc_reduced_coordgroups=None, rc_cartesian_coordgroups=None, rc_reduced_coords=None, rc_cartesian_coords=None, rc_reduced_occupationscoords=None, rc_cartesian_occupationscoords=None, rc_occupancies=None, rc_counts=None, wyckoff_symbols=None, multiplicities=None, spacegroup=None, hall_symbol=None, spacegroupnumber=None, setting=None, rc_scale=None, rc_scaling=None, rc_volume=None, uc_cell=None, uc_basis=None, uc_lengths=None, uc_angles=None, uc_cosangles=None, uc_niggli_matrix=None, uc_metric=None, uc_a=None, uc_b=None, uc_c=None, uc_alpha=None, uc_beta=None, uc_gamma=None, uc_sites=None, uc_reduced_coordgroups=None, uc_cartesian_coordgroups=None, uc_reduced_coords=None, uc_cartesian_coords=None, uc_reduced_occupationscoords=None, uc_cartesian_occupationscoords=None, uc_occupancies=None, uc_counts=None, uc_scale=None, uc_scaling=None, uc_volume=None, uc_is_primitive_cell=False, uc_is_conventional_cell=False, volume_per_atom=None, periodicity=None, nonperiodic_vecs=None, refs=None, tags=None)[source]¶ A Structure represents N sites of, e.g., atoms or ions, in any periodic or non-periodic arrangement.
This is a swiss-army-type constructor that allows a selection between a large number of optional arguments.
Note: if redundant and non-compatible information is given, the behavior is undefined. E.g., don’t try to call this with a structure + a volume in hopes to get a copy with rescaled volume.
- To create a new structure, three primary components are:
- cell: defines the basis vectors in which reduced coordinates are expressed, and the
- unit of repetition (if the structure has any periodicity - see the ‘periodicity’ parameter)
- assignments: a list of ‘things’ (atoms, ions, etc.) that goes on the sites in the structure
- sites: a sensible representation of location / coordinates of the sites.
Note: rc_-prefixes are consistently enforced for any quantity that would be different in a UnitcellStructure. This is to allow for painless change between the various structure-type objects without worrying about accidently using the wrong type of sites object.
Input parameters:
ONE OF: ‘cell’; ‘basis’, ‘length_and_angles’; ‘niggli_matrix’; ‘metric’; all of: a,b,c, alpha, beta, gamma. (cell requires a Cell object or a very specific format, so unless you know what you are doing, use one of the others.)
ONE OF: ‘assignments’, ‘atomic_numbers’, ‘occupancies’ (assignments requires an Assignments object or a sequence.), occupations repeats similar site assignments as needed
ONE OF: ‘rc_sites’, ‘rc_coords’ (IF rc_occupations OR rc_counts are also given), ‘uc_coords’ (IF uc_occupations OR uc_counts are also given) ‘rc_B_C’, where B=reduced or cartesian, C=coordgroups, coords, or occupationscoords
Notes:
- occupationscoords may differ from coords by order, since giving occupations as, e.g., [‘H’,’O’,’H’] does not necessarily have the same order of the coordinates as the format of counts+coords as (2,1), [‘H’,’O’].
- rc_sites and uc_sites requires a Sites object or a very specific format, so unless you know what you are doing, use one of the others.)
- ONE OF: scale or volume:
scale = multiply the basis vectors with this scaling factor, volume = the representative (conventional) cell volume (overrides ‘scale’ if both are given) volume_per_atom = cell volume / number of atoms
ONE OF periodicity or nonperiodic_vecs
See help(Structure) for more information on the data format of all these data representations.
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element_wyckoff_sequence
¶
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extended
¶
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extensions
¶
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formula
¶
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formula_counts
¶
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formula_spaceseparated
¶
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formula_symbols
¶
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hall_symbol
¶
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has_rc_repr
¶ Returns True if the structure already contains the representative coordinates + spacegroup, and thus can be queried for this data without launching an expensive symmetry finder operation.
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has_uc_repr
¶ Returns True if the structure contains any unit cell-type coordinate representation, and thus can be queried for this data without launching a somewhat expensive cell filling operation.
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io
¶
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number_of_elements
¶
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pbc
¶
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pc
¶
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pc_a
¶
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pc_alpha
¶
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pc_b
¶
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pc_beta
¶
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pc_c
¶
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pc_counts
¶
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pc_formula_parts
¶
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pc_gamma
¶
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pc_nbr_atoms
¶
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pc_volume
¶
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rc
¶
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rc_a
¶
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rc_alpha
¶
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rc_b
¶
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rc_basis
¶
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rc_beta
¶
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rc_c
¶
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rc_cartesian_coordgroups
¶
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rc_cartesian_coords
¶
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rc_cartesian_occupationscoords
¶
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rc_cell_orientation
¶
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rc_counts
¶
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rc_gamma
¶
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rc_lengths_and_angles
¶
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rc_nbr_atoms
¶
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rc_occupancies
¶
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rc_occupationssymbols
¶
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rc_reduced_coordgroups
¶
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rc_reduced_coords
¶
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rc_volume
¶
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spacegroup
¶
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spacegroup_number
¶
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spacegroup_number_and_setting
¶
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supercell
¶
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symbols
¶
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uc
¶
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uc_a
¶
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uc_alpha
¶
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uc_b
¶
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uc_basis
¶
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uc_beta
¶
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uc_c
¶
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uc_cartesian_coordgroups
¶
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uc_cartesian_coords
¶
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uc_cartesian_occupationscoords
¶
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uc_cell
¶
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uc_cell_orientation
¶
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uc_counts
¶
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uc_formula
¶
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uc_formula_counts
¶
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uc_formula_parts
¶
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uc_formula_symbols
¶
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uc_gamma
¶
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uc_lengths_and_angles
¶
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uc_nbr_atoms
¶
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uc_occupancies
¶
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uc_occupationssymbols
¶
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uc_reduced_coordgroups
¶
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uc_reduced_coords
¶
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uc_reduced_occupationscoords
¶
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uc_sites
¶
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uc_volume
¶
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volume_per_atom
¶
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wyckoff_sequence
¶